Viruses originate from RNAs. The sugar in RNA is ribose sugar and is the phosphates based, and they react in the nucleotides to form an ester bond. While not inside a cell or in the process of cell infection, viruses exist as an independent particle known as virions or virus particles. The way the virus replicates dependent on the presence of phosphates in the form of copolymerization with ribose and nucleus. Viruses cannot produce energy for metabolism nor synthesize protein. Hence, to replicate, viruses form the capsid, a protective protein shell, using pre-existing proteins in an infected cell.

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